Osi tcp ip layers and protocols pdf

Osi tcp ip layers and protocols pdf
IP describes only the protocol used for the internet, while OSI Layer 3 also encompasses non-internet protocols such as the Datagram Delivery Protocol (DDP) or the Internetwork Packet Exchange . TCP corresponds to OSI Layer 4 ( transport layer ) and some functions of Layer 5 ( session layer ).
There is not a single rule to identify an Application Layer Protocol. If you compare the OSI model and the Internet Protocol Suite the single common feature …
Although not developed under the OSI Reference Model and not strictly conforming to the OSI definition of the transport layer, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) of the Internet Protocol Suite are commonly categorized as layer-4 protocols within OSI.
TCP/IP provides its services via a “stack” of translation layers, which are called, of all things, TCP/IP. Because TCP and IP are separate protocols, they require a common environment for translation services. As mentioned earlier in this chapter, the TCP/IP stack has four layers as opposed to the OSI’s seven layers. In a nutshell, they are
This article lists protocols, categorized by their nearest Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model layers. This list is not exclusive to only the OSI protocol family . Many of these protocols are originally based on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and other models and they often do not fit neatly into OSI layers.
TCP/IP Model TCP/IP Protocols OSI Ref Model. 4 ©2002 Raj Jain Layered Packet Format ! Nth layer control info is passed as N-1th layer data. Example: File Transfer Protocol (FTP) FTP Data FTP Header TCP Data TCP Header IP Data IP Header Ethernet Data Ethernet Header Ethernet Trailer. 5 ©2002 Raj Jain Internetworking! Inter-network =Collection of networks Connected via routers NetworkNetwork


The OSI and TCP IP Model YouTube
The OSI and TCP/IP models – Communication Technology
TalkList of network protocols (OSI model) Wikipedia
The first part: TCP is a main protocol that runs under Transport Layer 4 of TCP/IP Model; IP is another main protocol that runs under Network Layer 3 of TCP/IP Model, hence, called TCP/IP Network Model – they just picked its name based on those protocols.
It also fetches data and transports requestions (POST); if everything that ran atop a transport protocol were a session layer protocol, most if not all of the common protocols running atop TCP/IP would be classified as session-layer protocols.
The OSI model classification of protocols is not like a layer cake; in that you can’t say because this protocol relies on a layer 4 TCP or UDP, that it must therefore be higher on the OSI model than layer 4. Rather the protocols are classified by the services they provide. RIP and BGP provide layer 3 services.
OSI model prescribes the steps needed to transfer data over a network and it is very specific in it, defining which protocol is used at each layer and how. The TCP/IP model is not that specific. It can be said that the OSI model prescribes and TCP/IP model describes.
Each layer provides a service to the layer above it in the protocol specification. Each layer communicates with the same layer’s software or hardware on other computers. The lower 4 layers (transport, network, data link and physical — Layers 4, 3, 2, and 1) are concerned with the flow of data from end to endthroughthenetwork. The upper four layers of the OSI model (application
part of, or related to, the protocol stack of TCP/IP. From the standards formulation in the respective Re- quest for Comment (RfC) it is sometimes made explicit
The services and protocols used for the application layer in TCP and the application, presentation and session for the OSI model is Hyper text transfer protocol, fibre to the premises, Telnet, network time protocol, dynamic host configuration protocol and PING.
The internet layer maps directly to the network layer and the last two layers of the OSI model map to the network access layer. Protocols in TCP/IP 3:25 – Even though there are only 4 layers, each layer can be broken down further.
The OSI and TCP/IP Model – ITFreeTraining
The OSI and also TCP/IP Represents Open Systems Interconnection and Transmission Handle Protocol/Internet Proto Col respectively. The principal involving OSI and also TCP/IP is the fact that OSI mannequin can be really a benchmark mannequin where-as TCP/IP can be a execution of OSI …
protocol that functions at this layer is IP. Best path determination and packet switching occur at this layer. Best path determination and packet switching occur at this layer. The following protocols operate at the TCP/IP Internet layer:
As can be seen, the layers of the TCP/IP model have much more diverse tasks that those of the OSI model, considering that certain layers from the TCP/IP model correspond to several levels of the OSI …
25/03/2018 · The internet layer maps directly to the network layer and the last two layers of the OSI model map to the network access layer. Protocols in TCP/IP 3:25 – Even though there are only 4 layers
Internet Protocol is one of the major protocols in the TCP/IP protocols suite. This protocol works at This protocol works at the network layer of the OSI model and at the Internet layer of the TCP/IP …
A closer examination of the layers of the TCP/IP 5-layer model follows. The layers of the protocol stack are numbered, as you saw in Table 1.3. This examination starts at the Application layer (layer 5) of the protocol
Part 2: Display Elements of the TCP/IP Protocol Suite . Background . This simulation activity is intended to provide a foundation for understanding the TCP/IP protocol suite and the relationship to the OSI model. Simulation mode allows you to view the data contents being sent across the network at each layer. As data moves through the network, it is broken down into smaller pieces and
The Internet Protocol Suite, popularly known as the TCP/IP model, is a communication protocol that is used over the Internet. This model divides the entire networking functions into layers, where each layer performs a specific function.
TCP/IP model vs OSI model Fiberbit Fiberbit
25/04/2014 · “The TCP/IP model on the right is a common method used today to refer to the layers formed by expanding the original model’s link layer on the left into two separate layers: data link and physical (similar to the lower two layers of the OSI model). Note that the model on the right is …
TCP/IP was on the path of development when the OSI standard was published and there was interaction between the designers of OSI and TCP/IP standards. The TCP/IP model is not same as OSI model . OSI is a seven-layered standard, but TCP/IP is a four layered standard.
For example, the OSI network protocol suite implements all seven layers of the OSI Reference Model. TCP/IP uses some of OSI model layers. TCP/IP also combines other layers. Other network protocols, such as SNA, add an eighth layer.
What are the purpose and basic operation of the protocols in the OSI and TCP/IP models? (OSI) is a calculated model that portrays and institutionalizes the interior capacities of a correspondence framework by parceling it into reflection layerss.
Osi Layers And Their Protocols Pdf While the seven-layer OSI model is often used as a reference for teaching and documentation, the protocols originally conceived for the model did not gain. Learn what the OSI reference model is, why it was created and how the an attempt to describe their products and services in relation to the OSI model. The TCP/IP protocols, which define the Internet, do
The IP protocol lives at this layer, and so do some routing protocols. All the routers in your network are operating at this layer. Layer 4 Layer 4 is the Transport Layer, and is where TCP lives. The standard says that “The Transport Layer relieves the Session Layer [see Layer 5] of the bur-den of ensuring data reliability and integrity”. It isforthisreasonthat peo-ple are becoming very
14/10/2013 · Mastering the OSI and TCP/IP Models with cheat sheet . Happy Thanks Giving everyone! 32040 Views Categories: CCNA Tags: Missing from that cheat sheet are the names of the PDUs associated with each layer: Layer PDU. 7 Data. 6 Data. 5 Data. 4 Segments. 3 Packets. 2 Frames . 1 Bits . These terms you also need to know.
AMCAT OSI, TCP/IP layers and protocols Questions Question 1: Which of the following IP address class is Multicast A. B. Class B C. Class C D. Class D
TCP/IP model has been developed much later after OSI model. OSI was developed as theoretical model, while TCP/IP was more practical. TCP/IP is having just four layers in oppose to seven layers of OSI. All the layers are roughly corresponding to the osi model as shown in Figure 1.
Protocols in the OSI and TCP/IP Models ExamCollection
ample protocols from the TCP/IP suite that occupy this layer are SLIP and PPP. 3. The network layer accepts messages from the source host, converts them into packets of bytes, and sends them through the data link. This layer deals with how a route from the source to the destination is deter-mined. This layer also deals with congestion control. The IP, address resolution protocol (ARP), reverse
Each layer usually has more than one protocol options to carry out the responsibility that the layer adheres to. TCP/IP is normally considered to be a 4 layer system. The 4 layers are as follows
3 TCP/IP Protocol Suite OSI Model Layer Architecture Layer architecture simplifies the network design. It is easy to debug network applications in a layered architecture network. The network management is easier due to the layered architecture. Network layers follow a set of rules, called protocol. The protocol defines the format of the data being exchanged, and the control and timing … – file transfer protocol ftp pdf Internet Protocol is one of the major protocols in the TCP/IP protocols suite. This protocol works at the network layer of the OSI model and at the Internet layer of the TCP/IP model. Thus this protocol has the responsibility of identifying hosts based upon their logical addresses and to route data among them over the underlying network.

AMCAT OSI TCP/IP layers and protocols Questions

osi Application Layer Protocols – Network Engineering
OSI Model Layers /TCP-IP Model - VoIP related Protocols
IIPPVV44- TTCCPP//IIPP MMOODDEELL

Protocol Osi Model Internet Protocol Suite

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP

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49 thoughts on “Osi tcp ip layers and protocols pdf

  1. What are the purpose and basic operation of the protocols in the OSI and TCP/IP models? (OSI) is a calculated model that portrays and institutionalizes the interior capacities of a correspondence framework by parceling it into reflection layerss.

    TalkList of network protocols (OSI model) Wikipedia
    The OSI and TCP/IP Model – ITFreeTraining

  2. It also fetches data and transports requestions (POST); if everything that ran atop a transport protocol were a session layer protocol, most if not all of the common protocols running atop TCP/IP would be classified as session-layer protocols.

    osi Application Layer Protocols – Network Engineering
    The OSI and TCP IP Model YouTube
    The OSI and TCP/IP Model – ITFreeTraining

  3. 3 TCP/IP Protocol Suite OSI Model Layer Architecture Layer architecture simplifies the network design. It is easy to debug network applications in a layered architecture network. The network management is easier due to the layered architecture. Network layers follow a set of rules, called protocol. The protocol defines the format of the data being exchanged, and the control and timing …

    TCP/IP model vs OSI model Fiberbit Fiberbit
    AMCAT OSI TCP/IP layers and protocols Questions
    TalkList of network protocols (OSI model) Wikipedia

  4. OSI model prescribes the steps needed to transfer data over a network and it is very specific in it, defining which protocol is used at each layer and how. The TCP/IP model is not that specific. It can be said that the OSI model prescribes and TCP/IP model describes.

    Protocols in the OSI and TCP/IP Models ExamCollection
    AMCAT OSI TCP/IP layers and protocols Questions

  5. Internet Protocol is one of the major protocols in the TCP/IP protocols suite. This protocol works at This protocol works at the network layer of the OSI model and at the Internet layer of the TCP/IP …

    osi Application Layer Protocols – Network Engineering
    The OSI and TCP/IP Model – ITFreeTraining
    TCP/IP model vs OSI model Fiberbit Fiberbit

  6. The services and protocols used for the application layer in TCP and the application, presentation and session for the OSI model is Hyper text transfer protocol, fibre to the premises, Telnet, network time protocol, dynamic host configuration protocol and PING.

    The OSI and TCP/IP models – Communication Technology

  7. Although not developed under the OSI Reference Model and not strictly conforming to the OSI definition of the transport layer, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) of the Internet Protocol Suite are commonly categorized as layer-4 protocols within OSI.

    TalkList of network protocols (OSI model) Wikipedia
    AMCAT OSI TCP/IP layers and protocols Questions

  8. Part 2: Display Elements of the TCP/IP Protocol Suite . Background . This simulation activity is intended to provide a foundation for understanding the TCP/IP protocol suite and the relationship to the OSI model. Simulation mode allows you to view the data contents being sent across the network at each layer. As data moves through the network, it is broken down into smaller pieces and

    TCP/IP model vs OSI model Fiberbit Fiberbit
    The OSI and TCP/IP models – Communication Technology

  9. TCP/IP provides its services via a “stack” of translation layers, which are called, of all things, TCP/IP. Because TCP and IP are separate protocols, they require a common environment for translation services. As mentioned earlier in this chapter, the TCP/IP stack has four layers as opposed to the OSI’s seven layers. In a nutshell, they are

    The OSI and TCP/IP Model – ITFreeTraining
    TCP/IP model vs OSI model Fiberbit Fiberbit

  10. 3 TCP/IP Protocol Suite OSI Model Layer Architecture Layer architecture simplifies the network design. It is easy to debug network applications in a layered architecture network. The network management is easier due to the layered architecture. Network layers follow a set of rules, called protocol. The protocol defines the format of the data being exchanged, and the control and timing …

    The OSI and TCP/IP models – Communication Technology
    Protocol Osi Model Internet Protocol Suite

  11. Although not developed under the OSI Reference Model and not strictly conforming to the OSI definition of the transport layer, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) of the Internet Protocol Suite are commonly categorized as layer-4 protocols within OSI.

    The OSI and TCP/IP Model – ITFreeTraining

  12. TCP/IP model has been developed much later after OSI model. OSI was developed as theoretical model, while TCP/IP was more practical. TCP/IP is having just four layers in oppose to seven layers of OSI. All the layers are roughly corresponding to the osi model as shown in Figure 1.

    The OSI and TCP IP Model YouTube
    Protocol Osi Model Internet Protocol Suite
    TCP/IP model vs OSI model Fiberbit Fiberbit

  13. What are the purpose and basic operation of the protocols in the OSI and TCP/IP models? (OSI) is a calculated model that portrays and institutionalizes the interior capacities of a correspondence framework by parceling it into reflection layerss.

    OSI Model Layers /TCP-IP Model – VoIP related Protocols
    TCP/IP model vs OSI model Fiberbit Fiberbit
    The OSI and TCP/IP models – Communication Technology

  14. TCP/IP Model TCP/IP Protocols OSI Ref Model. 4 ©2002 Raj Jain Layered Packet Format ! Nth layer control info is passed as N-1th layer data. Example: File Transfer Protocol (FTP) FTP Data FTP Header TCP Data TCP Header IP Data IP Header Ethernet Data Ethernet Header Ethernet Trailer. 5 ©2002 Raj Jain Internetworking! Inter-network =Collection of networks Connected via routers NetworkNetwork

    The OSI and TCP/IP Model – ITFreeTraining
    Protocols in the OSI and TCP/IP Models ExamCollection
    Protocol Osi Model Internet Protocol Suite

  15. The OSI model classification of protocols is not like a layer cake; in that you can’t say because this protocol relies on a layer 4 TCP or UDP, that it must therefore be higher on the OSI model than layer 4. Rather the protocols are classified by the services they provide. RIP and BGP provide layer 3 services.

    IIPPVV44- TTCCPP//IIPP MMOODDEELL

  16. For example, the OSI network protocol suite implements all seven layers of the OSI Reference Model. TCP/IP uses some of OSI model layers. TCP/IP also combines other layers. Other network protocols, such as SNA, add an eighth layer.

    TCP/IP model vs OSI model Fiberbit Fiberbit
    osi Application Layer Protocols – Network Engineering

  17. A closer examination of the layers of the TCP/IP 5-layer model follows. The layers of the protocol stack are numbered, as you saw in Table 1.3. This examination starts at the Application layer (layer 5) of the protocol

    IIPPVV44- TTCCPP//IIPP MMOODDEELL

  18. protocol that functions at this layer is IP. Best path determination and packet switching occur at this layer. Best path determination and packet switching occur at this layer. The following protocols operate at the TCP/IP Internet layer:

    TalkList of network protocols (OSI model) Wikipedia
    OSI Model Layers /TCP-IP Model – VoIP related Protocols

  19. TCP/IP was on the path of development when the OSI standard was published and there was interaction between the designers of OSI and TCP/IP standards. The TCP/IP model is not same as OSI model . OSI is a seven-layered standard, but TCP/IP is a four layered standard.

    IIPPVV44- TTCCPP//IIPP MMOODDEELL

  20. What are the purpose and basic operation of the protocols in the OSI and TCP/IP models? (OSI) is a calculated model that portrays and institutionalizes the interior capacities of a correspondence framework by parceling it into reflection layerss.

    osi Application Layer Protocols – Network Engineering
    AMCAT OSI TCP/IP layers and protocols Questions

  21. protocol that functions at this layer is IP. Best path determination and packet switching occur at this layer. Best path determination and packet switching occur at this layer. The following protocols operate at the TCP/IP Internet layer:

    The OSI and TCP/IP Model – ITFreeTraining
    The OSI and TCP/IP models – Communication Technology

  22. Osi Layers And Their Protocols Pdf While the seven-layer OSI model is often used as a reference for teaching and documentation, the protocols originally conceived for the model did not gain. Learn what the OSI reference model is, why it was created and how the an attempt to describe their products and services in relation to the OSI model. The TCP/IP protocols, which define the Internet, do

    AMCAT OSI TCP/IP layers and protocols Questions
    TalkList of network protocols (OSI model) Wikipedia
    TCP/IP model vs OSI model Fiberbit Fiberbit

  23. What are the purpose and basic operation of the protocols in the OSI and TCP/IP models? (OSI) is a calculated model that portrays and institutionalizes the interior capacities of a correspondence framework by parceling it into reflection layerss.

    AMCAT OSI TCP/IP layers and protocols Questions

  24. AMCAT OSI, TCP/IP layers and protocols Questions Question 1: Which of the following IP address class is Multicast A. B. Class B C. Class C D. Class D

    OSI Model Layers /TCP-IP Model – VoIP related Protocols
    AMCAT OSI TCP/IP layers and protocols Questions

  25. TCP/IP provides its services via a “stack” of translation layers, which are called, of all things, TCP/IP. Because TCP and IP are separate protocols, they require a common environment for translation services. As mentioned earlier in this chapter, the TCP/IP stack has four layers as opposed to the OSI’s seven layers. In a nutshell, they are

    The OSI and TCP/IP models – Communication Technology
    TCP/IP model vs OSI model Fiberbit Fiberbit
    Protocols in the OSI and TCP/IP Models ExamCollection

  26. Each layer provides a service to the layer above it in the protocol specification. Each layer communicates with the same layer’s software or hardware on other computers. The lower 4 layers (transport, network, data link and physical — Layers 4, 3, 2, and 1) are concerned with the flow of data from end to endthroughthenetwork. The upper four layers of the OSI model (application

    The OSI and TCP IP Model YouTube

  27. There is not a single rule to identify an Application Layer Protocol. If you compare the OSI model and the Internet Protocol Suite the single common feature …

    Protocols in the OSI and TCP/IP Models ExamCollection
    The OSI and TCP/IP models – Communication Technology
    AMCAT OSI TCP/IP layers and protocols Questions

  28. TCP/IP was on the path of development when the OSI standard was published and there was interaction between the designers of OSI and TCP/IP standards. The TCP/IP model is not same as OSI model . OSI is a seven-layered standard, but TCP/IP is a four layered standard.

    TalkList of network protocols (OSI model) Wikipedia
    The OSI and TCP IP Model YouTube
    The OSI and TCP/IP models – Communication Technology

  29. This article lists protocols, categorized by their nearest Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model layers. This list is not exclusive to only the OSI protocol family . Many of these protocols are originally based on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and other models and they often do not fit neatly into OSI layers.

    TCP/IP model vs OSI model Fiberbit Fiberbit
    The OSI and TCP/IP models – Communication Technology
    The OSI and TCP IP Model YouTube

  30. 25/03/2018 · The internet layer maps directly to the network layer and the last two layers of the OSI model map to the network access layer. Protocols in TCP/IP 3:25 – Even though there are only 4 layers

    TalkList of network protocols (OSI model) Wikipedia
    OSI Model Layers /TCP-IP Model – VoIP related Protocols
    IIPPVV44- TTCCPP//IIPP MMOODDEELL

  31. 25/04/2014 · “The TCP/IP model on the right is a common method used today to refer to the layers formed by expanding the original model’s link layer on the left into two separate layers: data link and physical (similar to the lower two layers of the OSI model). Note that the model on the right is …

    TCP/IP model vs OSI model Fiberbit Fiberbit

  32. Internet Protocol is one of the major protocols in the TCP/IP protocols suite. This protocol works at the network layer of the OSI model and at the Internet layer of the TCP/IP model. Thus this protocol has the responsibility of identifying hosts based upon their logical addresses and to route data among them over the underlying network.

    TalkList of network protocols (OSI model) Wikipedia

  33. part of, or related to, the protocol stack of TCP/IP. From the standards formulation in the respective Re- quest for Comment (RfC) it is sometimes made explicit

    OSI Model Layers /TCP-IP Model – VoIP related Protocols

  34. part of, or related to, the protocol stack of TCP/IP. From the standards formulation in the respective Re- quest for Comment (RfC) it is sometimes made explicit

    IIPPVV44- TTCCPP//IIPP MMOODDEELL
    TalkList of network protocols (OSI model) Wikipedia

  35. part of, or related to, the protocol stack of TCP/IP. From the standards formulation in the respective Re- quest for Comment (RfC) it is sometimes made explicit

    AMCAT OSI TCP/IP layers and protocols Questions
    The OSI and TCP/IP Model – ITFreeTraining
    Protocol Osi Model Internet Protocol Suite

  36. The internet layer maps directly to the network layer and the last two layers of the OSI model map to the network access layer. Protocols in TCP/IP 3:25 – Even though there are only 4 layers, each layer can be broken down further.

    The OSI and TCP IP Model YouTube

  37. part of, or related to, the protocol stack of TCP/IP. From the standards formulation in the respective Re- quest for Comment (RfC) it is sometimes made explicit

    The OSI and TCP/IP models – Communication Technology
    osi Application Layer Protocols – Network Engineering

  38. A closer examination of the layers of the TCP/IP 5-layer model follows. The layers of the protocol stack are numbered, as you saw in Table 1.3. This examination starts at the Application layer (layer 5) of the protocol

    TCP/IP model vs OSI model Fiberbit Fiberbit
    The OSI and TCP IP Model YouTube

  39. It also fetches data and transports requestions (POST); if everything that ran atop a transport protocol were a session layer protocol, most if not all of the common protocols running atop TCP/IP would be classified as session-layer protocols.

    OSI Model Layers /TCP-IP Model – VoIP related Protocols
    The OSI and TCP/IP Model – ITFreeTraining
    TalkList of network protocols (OSI model) Wikipedia

  40. 25/03/2018 · The internet layer maps directly to the network layer and the last two layers of the OSI model map to the network access layer. Protocols in TCP/IP 3:25 – Even though there are only 4 layers

    OSI Model Layers /TCP-IP Model – VoIP related Protocols

  41. TCP/IP was on the path of development when the OSI standard was published and there was interaction between the designers of OSI and TCP/IP standards. The TCP/IP model is not same as OSI model . OSI is a seven-layered standard, but TCP/IP is a four layered standard.

    The OSI and TCP/IP models – Communication Technology

  42. The first part: TCP is a main protocol that runs under Transport Layer 4 of TCP/IP Model; IP is another main protocol that runs under Network Layer 3 of TCP/IP Model, hence, called TCP/IP Network Model – they just picked its name based on those protocols.

    The OSI and TCP IP Model YouTube
    AMCAT OSI TCP/IP layers and protocols Questions

  43. This article lists protocols, categorized by their nearest Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model layers. This list is not exclusive to only the OSI protocol family . Many of these protocols are originally based on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and other models and they often do not fit neatly into OSI layers.

    OSI Model Layers /TCP-IP Model – VoIP related Protocols

  44. The services and protocols used for the application layer in TCP and the application, presentation and session for the OSI model is Hyper text transfer protocol, fibre to the premises, Telnet, network time protocol, dynamic host configuration protocol and PING.

    Protocols in the OSI and TCP/IP Models ExamCollection
    TalkList of network protocols (OSI model) Wikipedia
    TCP/IP model vs OSI model Fiberbit Fiberbit

  45. For example, the OSI network protocol suite implements all seven layers of the OSI Reference Model. TCP/IP uses some of OSI model layers. TCP/IP also combines other layers. Other network protocols, such as SNA, add an eighth layer.

    AMCAT OSI TCP/IP layers and protocols Questions
    OSI Model Layers /TCP-IP Model – VoIP related Protocols

  46. 25/03/2018 · The internet layer maps directly to the network layer and the last two layers of the OSI model map to the network access layer. Protocols in TCP/IP 3:25 – Even though there are only 4 layers

    osi Application Layer Protocols – Network Engineering

  47. The Internet Protocol Suite, popularly known as the TCP/IP model, is a communication protocol that is used over the Internet. This model divides the entire networking functions into layers, where each layer performs a specific function.

    TalkList of network protocols (OSI model) Wikipedia
    IIPPVV44- TTCCPP//IIPP MMOODDEELL

  48. Internet Protocol is one of the major protocols in the TCP/IP protocols suite. This protocol works at the network layer of the OSI model and at the Internet layer of the TCP/IP model. Thus this protocol has the responsibility of identifying hosts based upon their logical addresses and to route data among them over the underlying network.

    osi Application Layer Protocols – Network Engineering

  49. protocol that functions at this layer is IP. Best path determination and packet switching occur at this layer. Best path determination and packet switching occur at this layer. The following protocols operate at the TCP/IP Internet layer:

    Protocols in the OSI and TCP/IP Models ExamCollection

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